Cyrk Maksencjusza (Circus of Maxentius) is an ancient Roman circus located on the Via Appia Antica in Rome, Italy. It was commissioned by Emperor Maxentius in the early 4th century AD and is remarkably well-preserved, offering a glimpse into the spectacle of Roman chariot racing.
Key features of the Circus of Maxentius include:
Construction and Purpose: Built by Maxentius around 306-312 AD, it was likely intended for private imperial use, possibly to host games associated with his family. It is smaller than the Circus Maximus.
Layout: The circus follows a traditional layout, featuring a spina (central barrier) adorned with obelisks, carceres (starting gates), and tiers of seating for spectators.
Obelisks: The obelisk that once stood in the center of the spina was moved in the 17th century to the Piazza Navona, where it now tops Bernini's Fountain of the Four Rivers.
Tomb of Romulus: Situated nearby is the Tomb of Romulus. Historians believe that the structure which was initially mistaken for Romulus' final resting place was actually built by Maxentius to honor his son, Valerius Romulus, who died young.
Preservation: Compared to other Roman circuses, the state of preservation of the Circus of Maxentius is exceptional. This allows visitors to understand its original form and function.
The site provides important insights into Roman entertainment, architecture, and imperial ambition. The relationship between the circus, the imperial villa, and the mausoleum complex creates a significant historical and archaeological site.
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